House of Assembly: Vol7 - WEDNESDAY 2 MARCH 1988

WEDNESDAY, 2 MARCH 1988 HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY

†Indicates translated version.

For written reply:

General Affairs:

Religious objectors: alternative service 19. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (1) How many national servicemen who had obtained the status of religious objectors were assigned to his Department for placement in alternative service in 1987;
  2. (2) whether any of these religious objectors remain to be placed in alternative service; if so, how many (a) had and (b) had not been so placed as at the latest specified date for which information is available?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:

(1) 261

(2) (a) Placements as at 18 February 1988

— 240

(b) Not placed as at 18 February 1988

— 12

Reclassified

— 4

Overseas

— 1

Deferment granted

— 4

Religious objectors 21. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (1) How many national servicemen (a) applied for and (b) were granted the status of religious objectors in 1987;
  2. (2) how many of these persons were (a) Jehovah’s Witnesses, (b) Roman Catholics, (c) Anglicans, (d) Methodists, (e) Baptists, (f) Presbyterians, (g) members of the Dutch Reformed Church and (h) members of any other specified religious denominations?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:
  1. (1)
    1. (a) 305
    2. (b) 316 (11 carried over from 1986)
  2. (2)
    1. (a) 208
    2. (b) 11
    3. (c) 8
    4. (d) 18
    5. (e) 4
    6. (f) 3
    7. (g) 1
    8. (h) 63—

Buddhism

1

Christadelphians

8

Church of Christ

2

Full Gospel Church

2

Greytown Christian Centre

1

New Covenant

1

NG Sending Kerk

2

Noakes Fellowship

1

No Church

9

Pentecostal Protestant Church

1

Plymouth Brethren No 4

6

Rosebank Union Church

2

Royal Priesthood Ministries

1

Seventh Day Adventists

8

Spiritualists

1

Vineyard Fellowship

3

World Wide Church of God

14

Work-seekers 24. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

How many Black males and females, respectively, were registered as work-seekers in the White areas of the Republic in each month of 1987?

The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:

The figures for Black males and females registered as work-seekers in the RSA up to October 1987 are as follows:

Month

Male

Female

January

40 678

15 225

February

59 547

24 177

March

51 731

18 951

April

45 721

15 696

May

45 420

16 173

June

48 421

16 479

July

52 049

16 047

August

54 882

18 451

September

58 109

19 224

October

55 819

16 806

Work-seekers: registered at labour bureaux 26. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

How many males and females, respectively, were registered at labour bureaux as work seekers in terms of the Guidance and Placement Act, No 62 of 1981, as at the end of each month in 1987?

The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:

Figures up to October 1987 are as follows:

Registered as Work-seekers All Races

January

February

March

April

May

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Bloemfontein

2 182

1 672

3 592

1 921

3 069

1 976

2 946

1 932

3 076

2 101

Cape Town

15 478

6 990

18 192

8 473

16 776

8 232

17 106

7 944

17 264

8 925

Durban

21 750

11 746

27 970

14 585

23 714

12 202

20 751

11 206

21 250

11 104

East London

3 288

2 068

5 467

3 423

3 518

2 283

2 779

1 619

3 225

1 721

George

1 637

629

1 597

713

1 663

777

1 776

836

1 771

879

Johannesburg

21 585

12 225

27 834

15 764

28 050

14 938

25 679

13 482

24 381

13 766

Kimberley Port

2 312

890

2 453

944

2 044

682

1 972

766

2 112

687

Elizabeth

10 007

3 788

9 830

4 715

6 772

3 049

6 979

2 892

5 TH

2 755

Pretoria

10 079

4 992

12 548

6 233

12 537

5 907

10 844

4 995

11 611

4 773

Total

88 318

45 000

109 483

56 771

98 143

50 046

90 832

45 672

90 467

46 711

June

July

August

September

October

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Bloemfontein

3 128

2 133

3 133

2 035

3 346

2 134

3 681

2 229

3 711

2 237

Cape Town

16 670

9 017

16 066

8 839

16 520

8 619

17 381

8 823

17 174

8 826

Durban

22 536

11 029

23 546

10 983

23 900

11 658

24 170

11 329

23 333

10 083

East London

3 187

1 718

2 726

1 404

2 618

1 188

2 870

1 344

2 749

968

George

1 739

821

1 924

876

1 449

805

1 718

978

1 748

1 087

Johannesburg

25 046

13 856

26 111

12 999

27 512

13 688

28 735

13 541

27 355

12 800

Kimberley Port

2 102

722

2 006

682

2 167

761

2 140

745

2 539

874

Elizabeth

5 900

2 582

5 981

2 652

6 081

2 230

5 871

2 781

4 923

2 272

Pretoria

12 482

4 713

12 751

4 851

12 836

5 400

13 590

6 002

12 493

4 934

Total

92 790

46 591

94 422

45 321

96 429

46 483

100 156

47 772

96 025

44 081

Persons registered as unemployed 27. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

How many Whites, Coloureds and Asians, respectively, were registered as unemployed in each inspectorate area as at the latest specified date for which figures are available?

The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:

Whites

Coloureds

Asians

Bloemfontein

1 647

619

Cape Town

4 340

17 635

28

Durban

4 555

2 439

8 638

East London

238

296

2

George

407

1 581

Johannesburg

9 978

3 291

774

Kimberley

257

1 482

8

Port Elizabeth

1 220

1 631

5

Pretoria

2 109

232

57

Total

24751

29 206

9 512

NOTE: These figures are as at 31 October 1987.

Religious objectors: alternative service 30. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

Whether any national servicemen who were granted the status of religious objectors have had to wait to be placed in alternative service; if so, how many such religious objectors were not placed in alternative service for (a) 12 months, (b) 9 months, (c) 6 months and (d) 3 months in 1987?

The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:
  1. (a) 0.
  2. (b) 1.
  3. (c) 7.
  4. (d) 17.
Strikes/work stoppages 32. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (a) How many workers in each race group were involved in (i) strikes and (ii) work stoppages in 1987 and (b) what was the total number of man-hours lost in respect of workers in each race group as a result of such (i) strikes and (ii) work stoppages?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:

(a) (i) Whites

83

Coloureds

14 855

Asians

2 181

Blacks

523 925

(ii) Whites

7

Coloureds

1 504

Asians

85

Blacks

48 781

(b) (i) and (ii) Whites

778 hours

Coloureds

750 138 hours

Asians

138 536 hours

Blacks

45 712 400 hours

(Separate statistics for strikes and work stoppages are not available).

Conciliation boards/mediator 35. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (a) How many applications for the (i) establishment of conciliation boards in terms of section 35, and (ii) appointment of a mediator in terms of section 44, of the Labour Relations Act, No 28 of 1956, were (aa) made and (bb) approved in 1987 and (b) in respect of what percentage of the approved applications were the disputes settled, in each case?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:
  1. (a)
    1. (i)
      1. (aa) 2312.
      2. (bb) 779.
    2. (ii)
      1. (aa) None.
      2. (bb) None.
  2. (b) Conciliation boards Mediators 33,5 per cent Falls away

NOTE: As at the end of 1987, 272 disputes were still under consideration by conciliation boards.

Disputes/work stoppages/strikes 37. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (a) How many (i) disputes, (ii) work stoppages and (iii) strikes were reported in 1987 in terms of the Labour Relations Act, No 28 of 1956, to (aa) his Department and (bb) the Wage Board and (b) in what industries, trades or occupations did (i) work stoppages and (ii) strikes occur?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:
  1. (a)
    1. (i)
      1. (aa) and The Labour Relations
      2. (bb) Act, 1956, does not contain provisions in terms of which disputes must be reported to the Department of Manpower or the Wage Board.
    2. (ii) (aa) 123.
    3. (iii) (aa) 1025.
    4. (ii) (bb) and Work stoppages and
    5. (iii) (bb) strikes are not reportable to the Wage Board.
  2. (b) (i) and (ii)

Construction

84

Electricity

6

Finance and insurance

16

Government and services

54

Manufacturing

580

Mining

141

Trade and accommodation

220

Transport and communication

47

TOTAL

1148

NOTE: The figures under (b) include strikes and work stoppages. Separate figures for the different industries, trades or occupations are not available.

Farm/domestic workers: report on working conditions 88. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (1) Whether, with reference to his reply to Question No 7 on 2 June 1987, consultations concerning the report of the National Manpower Commission on the working conditions of farm and domestic workers have now been completed; if not, (a) why not and (b) what remains to be done to complete this investigation; if so, when;
  2. (2) whether the report has been released; if so, when; if not, (a) why not and (b) who took the decision in this regard;
  3. (3) whether any action affecting the working conditions of farm and domestic workers is to be taken as a result of the findings of this commission; if not, why not; if so, (a) what action and (b) when;
  4. (4) (a) when was this commission established and (b) what was the total cost of the commission as at the latest specified date for which figures are available?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:
  1. (1) No.
    1. (a) Consultations with organized agriculture are still in progress as the agricultural sector is diverse, comprising a great many interest groups at national, regional and district level.
    2. (b) The nature of the sectors involved and the geographical diversity prevailing in agriculture necessitate drawn-out discussions and further investigation. It is consequently not possible to give a precise indication as to when finality will be reached.
  2. (2) No.
    1. (a) The Labour Relations Act, 1956, provides for the National Manpower Commission to submit its reports and recommendations to the Minister of Manpower, who decides on any actions to be taken thereanent. It is, however, not incumbent upon the Minister to release any report, with the exception of the annual report.
    2. (b) The Minister of Manpower.
  3. (3) Whether any action is to be taken, will be considered once consultations with organized agriculture have been concluded.
    1. (a) Falls away.
    2. (b) Falls away.
  4. (4)
    1. (a) 1 October 1979.
    2. (b) The total cost of the Commission up to 31 March 1987 amounted to R5,03 million.
Blacks in independent states: South African citizenship 95. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Home Affars:

  1. (1) How many Blacks in each independent Black state regained their South African citizenship in 1987 in terms of the National States Citizenship Amendment Act, No 13 of 1978;
  2. (2) whether any applications were refused; if so, (a) how many from each state and (b) why in each case?
The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:
  1. (1) Owing to the provisions of the Restoration of South African Citizenship Act, 1986 (Act 73 of 1986), which came into effect on 1 July 1986, no Black of any of the independent states applied in terms of section 3 of the National States Citizenship Act, 1970 (Act 26 of 1970), as amended by the National States Citizenship Amendment Act, 1978 (Act 13 of 1978) for South African citizenship during 1987.
  2. (2) (a) and (b) Fall away.
Johannesburg: rapid rail transit system 106. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Transport Affairs:

Whether, with reference to his reply to Question No 253 on 5 August 1987, a decision has been taken on the introduction of a rapid rail transit system for Johannesburg; if not, why not; if so, what decision?

The MINISTER OF TRANSPORT AFFAIRS:

No. The matter is still under consideration.

Drivers’ licences/identity documents 107. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Transport Affairs:

  1. (1) Whether, with reference to his reply to Question No 1 on 25 August 1987, the Commission for Administration has carried out a further investigation into the matter of whether drivers’ licences should be separate from identity documents; if so,
  2. (2) whether the Commission has reported to the Cabinet Committee for Economic Affairs; if so,
  3. (3) whether this committee has reached a decision on the matter; if so, (a) what is the decision of this committee and (b) what decision has the Cabinet made in this regard?
The MINISTER OF TRANSPORT AFFAIRS:
  1. (1) Yes.
  2. (2) Yes.
  3. (3) Yes.
    1. (a) and (b) The Cabinet has decided not to separate the two documents.
Members charged/convicted: bounds of duty exceeded 192. Mr K M ANDREW

asked the Minister of Defence:

  1. (1) Whether, in 1987, any members of the South African Defence Force were (a) charged with and (b) convicted of exceeding the bounds of duty while serving in any Black townships; if so, (i) how many and (ii) in respect of what offences in each case;
  2. (2) whether, in that year, any civil actions were instituted against (a) him and/or (b) any members of the Defence Force for acts committed by members of the Defence Force while on duty in Black townships; if so, (i) how many, (ii) what were the circumstances surrounding each claim and (iii) what was the nature of the claim in each case;
  3. (3) whether any of these actions have been finalized; if so, (a) how many as at the latest specified date for which information is available and (b) what was the outcome in each case?
The MINISTER OF DEFENCE:

(i)

(ii)

(1) (a)

4

3 assault.

1 assault and theft.

(b)

1

1 assault

(2) (a)

Yes

(i)

As on 31 December 1987-97

(ii)

To explain the circumstances surrounding all the actions would run to volumes and would be an expensive undertaking in terms of manpower and costs, which cannot be considered justified.

(iii) Shooting incident

22

Assault

40

Theft

3

Malicious damage to property

4

Indecent assault

1

Unlawful arrest

20

Attachment of property

7

  1. (b) No.
  2. (3) Yes, as on 31 December 1987.
    1. (a) 18.
    2. (b) 1—Case withdrawn.

16—Claims prescribed.

1—Settled.

NOTE: These figures will not be supplied in future as they may be abused for propaganda purposes.

Automatic South African citizenship 260. Mr S S VAN DER MERWE

asked the Minister of Home Affairs:

  1. (1) How many (a) males and (b) females have been granted automatic South African citizenship in terms of section 11A of the South African Citizenship Act, No 44 of 1949, since the enactment of this section;
  2. (2) whether any persons who qualified for South African citizenship in terms of this legislation have made declarations stating that they did not wish to become citizens; if so, how many (a) males and (b) females have made these declarations sihce the enactment of this section;
  3. (3) whether any action has been taken in respect of the permanent residence status of persons who have made these declarations; if so, (a) what action, (b) in how many cases and (c) why?
The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:
  1. (1) (a) and (b) 71 306 persons have automatically acquired South African citizenship. Separate statistics for males and females are hot kept.
  2. (2) (a) and (b) Yes. 1 440 persons have made declarations not to become South African citizens. Separate statistics for males and females are not kept.
  3. (3) Yes.
    1. (a) The persons concerned were advised that they are deemed to be aliens who, for the purposes of the Aliens Act, 1937 (Act 1 of 1937), are not in possession of permits for permanent or temporary residence. They were requested to apply for temporary permits to legalise their residence in the Republic of South Africa.
    2. (b) 1 440.
    3. (c) To enable them to legalise their stay in the Republic of South Africa.
Deportations/repatriations 265. Mr S S VAN DER MERWE

asked the Minister of Home Affairs:

  1. (a) How many persons in each population group were deported and/or repatriated from the Republic in 1987 in terms of the Admission of Persons to the Republic Regulation Act, No 59 of 1972, and (b) (i) in terms of what provisions of the said Act and (ii) to which states were they so (aa) deported and (bb) repatriated?
The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:
  1. (a) Deportations
    Whites—15
    Blacks—140
    Repatriations
    37 423. Statistics are not being kept according to population groups.
  2. (b)
    1. (i) —154 were deported in terms of section 43 and one in terms of section 45.
      —37 423 were repatriated in terms of section 16.

(ii) (aa) Whites

United Kingdom—

9

Portugal —

2

Germany —

2

Zimbabwe —

2

Blacks

Lesotho —

33

Transkei —

73

Mozambique —

10

Zimbabwe —

5

Swaziland —

3

Ciskei —

7

Botswana —

2

Bophuthatswana —

5

Venda —

2

(bb) Zimbabwe —

3 124

Mozambique—

26 870

Botswana —

2 669

Swaziland —

1 349

Malawi —

99

Zambia —

1

Tanzania —

1

Zaire —

1

Gambia —

1

Lesotho —

3 308

Citizens of independent states: dual citizenship 267. Mr S S VAN DER MERWE

asked the Minister of Home Affairs:

Whether the South African Government has received any requests from the governments of independent Black states to grant dual citizenship to citizens of such states who are permanently resident in the Republic; if so, (a) from which such governments, (b) when and (c) what was the response to each request?

The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:

No.

(a), (b) and (c) Fall away.

Visas/permits of non-South African citizens: withdrawn/cancelled 268. Mr S S VAN DER MERWE

asked the Minister of Home Affairs:

Whether any visas or permits issued to nonSouth African citizens to visit the Republic for holiday, business or other purposes were withdrawn or cancelled in 1986 and 1987; if so, (a) in respect of how many persons in each such year, (b) for what purpose has a visa or permit been issued to each of these persons to visit the Republic, (c) (i) on what date and (ii) why was each of these visas or permits withdrawn or cancelled and (d) who took the decision in each case?

The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:

Yes.

  1. (a) 1986—1 person.
    1987—4 persons.
  2. (b) Three visas have been issued for holiday purposes and two permits for employment.
  3. (c)
    1. (i) One visa was withdrawn on 6 March 1987 and two on 10 February 1987. The two temporary residence permits were withdrawn on 6 May 1987.
    2. (ii) The visas were withdrawn due to false information furnished in respect of occupations and purpose of visits. The reason for the withdrawal of the temporary residence permits is set out in the accompanying copy of a media release of 6 May 1987 by the Director-General: Home Affairs.
  4. (d) The Minister of Home Affairs.

Media release by Mr Gerrie van Zyl, Director General of Home Affairs:

The Minister of Home Affairs has today withdrawn the work permits of Mr Richard Carleton and Miss Jennifer Ainge of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and they have been requested to leave South Africa before 24h00 on 6 May 1987.

This step was taken on account of reports containing gross untruths about South Africa which they wanted to send to Australia.

Privatization 307. Mr J J WALSH

asked the Minister in the State President’s Office entrusted with Administration and Broadcasting Services:

Whether any activities previously or currently undertaken by the State were privatized in 1987 or are planned to be privatized in 1988; if not, why not; if so, in respect of those activities (a) already privatized and (b) planned to be privatized, (i) what undertakings are involved and (ii) what is the estimated saving in (aa) State expenditure and (bb) manpower employed by the State?

The MINISTER IN THE STATE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE ENTRUSTED WITH ADMINISTRATION AND BROADCASTING SERVICES:
  1. (a) Two activities were privatized during 1987.
    1. (i)
      1. (aa) The regulating of cotton standards was handed over to the Cotton Board with effect from 1 November 1987.
      2. (bb) The grading of butter and cheese was discontinued with effect from 1 January 1987 and is at present being undertaken by the industry.
    2. (ii)
      1. (aa) R1 093 000.
      2. (bb) 38.
  2. (b) Various activities are at present being investigated with a view to privatization. The findings will determine if activities can be privatized during 1988.
    1. (i) Falls away.
    2. (ii) Falls away.
Religious objectors: alternative service 353. Prof N J J OLIVIER

asked the Minister of Manpower:

  1. (1) Whether any consideration is being given to allowing religious objectors to perform alternatives service in religious and community organizations; if not, why not; if so, (a) what specified changes are contemplated and (b) when will they be introduced;
  2. (2) whether he will make a statement on the matter?
The MINISTER OF MANPOWER:
  1. (1) Yes.
    1. (a) Consideration is being given at present to the possibility of extending the categories of employers which are referred to in section 72E(4) of the Defence Act, 1957.
    2. (b) and (2) after the negotiations which have to take place in this regard have been completed, I shall in due course in consultation with my colleague, the Minister of Defence, make a statement on this matter.
Department of Justice: salary parity 358. Mr D J DALLING

asked the Minister in the State President’s Office entrusted with Administration and Broadcasting Services:

  1. (1) In what categories has full parity been achieved in the salaries paid to officers of different race groups in the Department of Justice as at the latest specified date for which information is available;
  2. (2) what is the total number of non-White officers in the said Department who enjoy full parity in salary;
  3. (3) in what categories has full parity not been achieved in the salaries paid to officers of different race groups in that Department;
  4. (4) what is the total number of non-White officers in that Department who do not enjoy full parity in salary;
  5. (5) what progress has been made with the plan to eliminate disparity in salaries?
The MINISTER IN THE STATE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE ENTRUSTED WITH ADMINISTRATION AND BROADCASTING SERVICES:

Information as on 1 March 1988:

  1. (1) All categories.
  2. (2) 10 028.
  3. (3), (4), and (5) Fall away.
Public Service: vacant posts 359. Mr R M BURROWS

asked the Minister in the State President’s Office entrusted with Administration and Broadcasting Services:

  1. (a) How many posts were there in the Public Service as at the latest specified date for which figures are available, (b) how many such posts were vacant as at that date and (c) what percentage of persons employed in the Public Service are not White?
The MINISTER IN THE STATE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE ENTRUSTED WITH ADMINISTRATION AND BROADCASTING SERVICES:

Information as on 30 September 1987:

  1. (a) 274 592.
  2. (b) 25 742.
  3. (c) 59%
State airports: privatization 384. Mr D J N MALCOMESS

asked the Minister in the State President’s Office entrusted with Administration and Broadcasting Services: Whether the Commission for Administration has completed its investigation into the possible privatization of State airports; if not, (a) why not and (b) when is it anticipated that it will be completed; if so, (i) when was it completed, (ii) what were the findings and (iii) what action is to be taken as a result of these findings?

The MINISTER IN THE STATE PRESIDENTS OFFICE ENTRUSTED WITH ADMINISTRATION AND BROADCASTING SERVICES:

No investigation into the privatization of State airports was or is being undertaken by the Commission for Administration.

  1. (a) Falls away.
  2. (b) Falls away.
    1. (i), (ii) and (iii) Fall away.
Immigrants/emigrants 460. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Home Affairs:

How many (a) Whites, (b) Coloureds, (c) Blacks and (d) Indians (i) immigrated to and (ii) emigrated from the Republic in 1987?

The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(i)

7 459

146

77

75

(ii)

10 033

651

163

318

Unemployed persons 497. Mr P G SOAL

asked the Minister of Home Affairs:

(a) How many Black persons were unemployed as at the date of the latest current population survey and (b) what is the date of this survey?

The MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS:
  1. (a) 922 000.
  2. (b) November 1987.

Own Affairs:

High/primary schools: computers 30. Mr R M BURROWS

asked the Minister of Education and Culture:

Whether, with reference to his reply to Question No 5 on 8 September 1987, a decision has as yet been reached on the supply of computers to, and maintenance of computers in, all high and primary schools falling under his control; if not, why not; if so, (a) what decision has been reached and (b) what time-table regarding supply has been set?

The MINISTER OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE:
  1. (a) and (b) The Directorate of Education Technology is at present finalizing a system for lending educational computer software to schools. This service will be in operation by June 1988.

The provision of education computer hardware is being handled by the provincial education departments within the limits of the funds that are available. A working committee for computers in education is coordinating efforts in this regard.

Medical schools: applications for admission 33. Dr M S BARNARD

asked the Minister of Education and Culture:

How many applications by students in each race group for admission to the first-year course were (a) received and (b) accepted in 1987 at each medical school falling under his Department?

MINISTER OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE:

(a) Applications received

University

White

Coloured

Indian

Black

Other

Total

Orange Free State

524

11

4

539

Witwatersrand

737

59

357

336

1 489

Pretoria

779

779

Stellenbosch

711

165

17

1

894

Cape Town

634

125

356

291

1 406

Natal

49

601

329

979

(b) Applications accepted

University

White

Coloured

Indian

Black

Other

Total

Orange Free State

110

1

111

Witwatersrand

142

11

37

24

214

Pretoria

236

236

Stellenbosch

169

13

182

Cape Town

115

16

12

7

150

Natal

2

39

40

81